Identified Hall Bayonet from the Duryee Zouaves
Identified Hall Bayonet from the Duryee Zouaves - Inventory Number: BAY 277
This is a U.S. Model 1819 Socket Bayonet for the Hall Rifle as manufactured at Harpers Ferry. The US M1816/22/27 series of bayonets feature a 16” blade, face flute of varying lengths, a T-shaped mortise and no locking ring.
The socket of the Hall bayonet has a raised bridge that is cut with an additional offset slot to allow the offset front sight of the Hall rifle to pass through.
This example of a US M1819 Hall Rifle Socket Bayonet is in good condition. Bayonet is overall lightly rusted but without pitting. The bayonet is unmarked. The socket has a .780” bore diameter and is approximately 19” in overall length. The blade is nearly 16” long with a 9” long face flute. The blade has what is known as the “prow-tip” that appears ground down as opposed to sharp and pointy.
This is an exceptional bayonet for a rare gun which has an original paper and ink label affixed to the socket which reads: “Used by 5th Ward Blair and Logan Zouaves – Nov. 61 #3”.
No research has been conducted regarding the “Blair and Logan” attribution.
The 5th New York Infantry Regiment, also known as Duryée's Zouaves, was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War. Modeled, like other Union and Confederate infantry regiments, on the French Zouaves of Crimean War fame, its tactics and uniforms were different from those of the standard infantry.
The regiment was formed on April 12, 1861, by a group of military enthusiasts in Manhattan, under authority issued to Col. Abram Duryée, and trained at Fort Schuyler at Throgs Neck, New York Harbor. On Tuesday, April 23, 1861, its companies were mustered into service of the State, and on Thursday, April 25, the State Board confirmed the election of its field officers. The regiment was mustered into Federal service of the United States at Fort Schuyler for a term of two years by Capt. T. Seymour, USA two weeks later on May 9. The next day, Friday, the State Military Board formally accepted the 10th.
The majority of the soldiers were educated and above average height. The companies were recruited principally:
A and B — New York city and Brooklyn
C — New York city, Astoria and Poughkeepsie
D — Fifth Ward Volunteers of New York city
E — New York city, Brooklyn and Williamsburg
F — New York city, Brooklyn, Fordham and Yonkers
G — New York city, Brooklyn and New Rochelle
H — New York city, Brooklyn, Flushing, Greenpoint, Tarrytown and West Point
I — New York city, Brooklyn, Jamaica, Long Neck and Williamsburg, and at Perth Amboy, Plainfield and Orange, N. J.
K — New York and Jersey City.
On Monday, April 29, 1861, the regiment withdrew 800 Model 1842 Springfield Muskets .69 caliber, smoothbore muskets from state stocks. During training the regiment acquired the following field officers: Colonel Abram Duryée, Lieut. Colonel Gouverneur K. Warren, Major J. Mansfield Davies, Adjutant Joseph E. Hamblin, Quartermaster John H. Wells, Surgeon Rufus H. Gilbert, Assistant Surgeon B. Ellis Martin, and Chaplain Rev. Gordon Winslow.
The line officers were elected as well and resulted in the following:
Company A — Capt. Harmon Daniel Hull, 1st Lt. William T Partridge, and 2nd Lt. Charles W. Torrey
Company B — Capt. Robert S. DuMont, 1st Lt. Gouverneur Carr, and 2nd Lt. Theodore S. DuMont
Company C — Capt. Henry G. Davies, 1st Lt. J. Francis Evans, and 2nd Lt. Charles H. Seaman
Company D — Capt. James L. Waugh, 1st Lt. Wilbur F. Lewis, and 2nd Lt. John A. Cochrane
Company E — Capt. Hiram Duryea, 1st Lt. George Duryea, and 2nd Lt. Henry H. Burnett
Company F — Capt. Henry A. Swartwout, 1st Lt. Oliver Wetmore, Jr., and 2nd Lt. Carlile Boyd
Company G — Capt. Abraham Denike, 1st Lt. Jacob Duryée, and 2nd Lt. Joseph H. Bradley
Company H — Capt. Judson Kilpatrick, 1st Lt. Churchill J. Cambreleng, and 2nd Lt. James Miller
Company I — Capt. Charles G. Bartlett, 1st Lt. Joseph S. York, and 2nd Lt. John H. Whitney
Company K — Capt. Cleveland Winslow, 1st Lt. Prescoyy Tracey, and 2nd Lt. William H. Hoyt.
Initial duty
On May 24, the regiment boarded a transport to reach the Virginia Peninsula. The regiment camped for a few days near Hampton Bridge, then moved to Camp Butler, Newport News, and was attached to Pierce's brigade. The troops of the 5th led the force at the battle of Big Bethel on Monday, June 10. Captain Judson Kilpatrick took Companies E and H in advance with Colonel Duryée following with the rest the command. The 5th lost 5 killed, 16 wounded (including Kilpatrick) and 2 missing. Immediately after the battle, the regiment began making scouting expeditions.
Railroad Security
On Friday, July 26, the regiment moved to Baltimore, Maryland, to join Dix's Division which was tasked with protecting the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad in and out of Baltimore from Washington to Philadelphia. The 5th provided security within the city and built and garrisoned an earthen fort at the summit of Federal Hill. On Thursday, August 15, Maj. Davies resigned to take command of the 2nd New York Cavalry, and two days later, Capt. Hiram Duryea of Company was promoted as his replacement.
On August 31, Duryée was promoted to general rank, so Gouverneur Kemble Warren took over command of the regiment. Duryea moved up to Lt. Colonel, and on September 3, Hull of Company A replaced Duryea as Major.
At Federal Hill, the regiment guarded the railway and the city and continuously drilled. The 5th's duty in Baltimore was marked by occasional clashes with pro-secessionist locals, patrolling the rail lines and yards, and improving the fort on Federal Hill. With the exception of a short expedition to the Eastern Shore of Virginia, the regiment used this garrison time to continue honing its skill at its manual of arms and regimental field movements.
For twenty-three days from Wednesday, November 13 to Thursday, December 5, six companies, A, B, C, D, E, F, of the 5th left Baltimore on the steamer Pocahontas. They took part in an expedition south to the Delmarva Peninsula into Accomac and Northampton Counties. The purpose was to reassert state and Federal control over those two counties where there had been reports of secessionist activity. Despite the many Unionists in the two counties, the secessionists, who were in a slight majority in Northampton County had been actively recruiting for the Confederate army and taking reprisals against Unionists. About three thousand militia had gathered to oppose any Federal advance (some were Unionists forced into ranks), and Gen. Dix intended to send a much larger force of 5,000 to intimidate them and give support to the local Unionists. The force landed above the state line on Wednesday, November 13, a proclamation calling on the militia to lay down their arms, promising protection for Unionists, and punishment for continued disloyal activities. On Sunday, November 17, the force crossed into Virginia. Within five days, all armed units melted away, and the 5th's companies and its colleagues in the force spread out to some of the towns to show the flag. The six companies returned to Fort Federal Hill on Thursday, December 5.
The 5th remained in garrison over the new year and on Thursday, February 6, it received a garrison flag from an association of ladies of South Baltimore. The locals around the fort had warmed to the 5th and took pride in it. To maintain discipline, punishments in garrison were harsh and in February, six members of the regiment who were chronic violators of army regulations were paraded to the "Rogue's March," and sent off in chains to the Washington Penitentiary and the military prison in the Dry Tortugas.
The Peninsula campaign
In preparation for his upcoming offensive in the Peninsula campaign to capture Richmond, Virginia, General George McClellan ordered the regiment to join the Army of the Potomac. McClellan said that, upon seeing the colorful New York regiment, "the Fifth is the best disciplined and soldierly regiment in the Army." After a farewell ceremony at the Fort on Friday evening, March 28, the 5th made ready to depart Baltimore.
The charge of the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry unit at Big Bethel, in a sketch by Thomas Nast.
On Monday, March 31, 1862, the 5th sailed out of Baltimore, down the Chesapeake, and landed at Hampton Roads. Upon arrival, they were attached to Sykes’ Infantry (Reserve), Army of the Potomac.
At the Battle of Hanover Courthouse on May 27, 1862, the regiment played only a minor role. However, they fought in a more major role in the Battle of Gaines' Mill of the Seven Days Battles. As McClellan moved his base to the James River on June 27, 1862, the regiment fought against Gregg's South Carolina brigade. In a bayonet counterattack, the regiment defeated the initial Rebel attack driving back and routing two of the brigade's regiments.
The Virginia campaign
In August 1862, the regiment fell under the control of General John Pope. At the Second Battle of Bull Run (also known as the Second Battle of Manassas), the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry regiment was forced to withstand the advancing forces of General James Longstreet. In underestimating the size of the Confederate army, Pope ordered the regiment to support Hazlett's Battery. Longstreet's soldiers easily outnumbered the small regiment, met by the 5th Texas Vol. Of the famous Texas Brigade's who elite soldiers accurate musket volleys quickly inflicted massive casualties in the regiment. In just 10 minutes of fighting, the 5th New York lost 332 men of the approximately 525 engaged. At least 119 of the casualties were killed outright or died of their wounds. The addition of two missing who were never accounted for would bring the death total to 121. It was the greatest battle fatality sustained by any Federal infantry unit in the war. The entire Color Guard was killed, except for one man. The only officer to survive the battle was Captain Cleveland Winslow. The regiment was effectively removed as a combat regiment, never again serving in the battle line.
The Maryland, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville campaigns
Later, at the Battle of Antietam, September 17, the unit was held in reserve. On December 15, the unit fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg, covering the Union retreat. At the Battle of Chancellorsville under Joseph Hooker, the unit saw its final combat.
It returned to New York on May 8, 1863, and was mustered out on the next day, its three years' men having been transferred to the 146th regiment.
During its term of service the Regiment had 2,164 men on its rolls, viz : two years' men, of original organization, 1,026, of whom 260 were with the regiment after the battle at Chancellorsville; recruits and volunteers on reorganization, 1,138, of whom 730 returned, including only about 100 of the original members of 1861.
Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties
Organizational affiliation
Attached to:
Attached to Pierce's Brigade, Newport News, Va., Dept. of Virginia, to July 1861.
Dix's Command, Baltimore, MD, to March 1862.
Sykes' Infantry (Reserve), Army of the Potomac, to May, 1862
3rd Brigade, Sykes' 2nd Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May 1863.
List of battles
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:
Battle of Big Bethel
Siege of Yorktown
Battle of Hanover Court House
Battle of Gaines Mill
Battle of Malvern Hill
Second Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Chancellorsville
Detailed service
1861
Departed New York May 23
Occupation of Newport News May 25-July 26
Action at Big Bethel, VA, June 10
Moved to Baltimore, MD, July 26, and duty there till April 11, 1862.
Expedition through Accomac and Northampton Counties, Va., November 14–22, 1861
1862
Moved to the Peninsula, Va., April 11, 1862
Siege of Yorktown, Va., April 15-May 4
Reconnaissance to near Hanover Court House May 26
Hanover Court House May 27
Operations about Hanover Court House May 27–29
New Bridge June 5. Operations against Stuart June 13–15
Old Church June 13
Seven days before Richmond June 25-July 1
Battle of Mechanicsville June 26
Battle of Gaines Mill June 27
White Oak Swamp and Turkey Bend June 30. Malvern Hill July 1
Duty at Harrison's Landing till August 15
Movement to Fortress Monroe, thence to Centreville August 15–28
Pope's Campaign in Northern Virginia August 28-September 2
Battle of Bull Run August 30
Maryland Campaign September 6–22
Battle of Antietam September 16–17
Shepherdstown Ford September 20
Duty in Maryland to October 29
Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 29-November 19
Battle of Fredericksburg December 12–15
1863
"Mud March" January 20–24, 1863
At Falmouth till April
Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6
Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5
Mustered out May 14, 1863, expiration of term
Recruits assigned to 146th New York Infantry.
Total strength and casualties
During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 4 officers, 126 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 2 officers, 47 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 37 enlisted men; total, 6 officers, 210 enlisted men; aggregate, 216.
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Inventory Number: BAY 277